HAMAS CHARTER: CHANGES AND PRINCIPLES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54561/prj1301015aKeywords:
Palestine, Hamas, liberation movements, Palestinian cause, political islamAbstract
The paper examines the differences between the old charter of the Islamic Resistance Movement “Hamas” in 1988 and its political declaration document issued in 2017, titled “Principles and General Policies”. Which redefined the movement and its objectives and vision in concern of Palestine and its main issues, such as Jerusalem and the refugees. In addition, the charter redefined the main regional and international dimensions of the Palestinian cause and the movement’s view of Zionism and Israel, and its position on the Palestine Liberation Organization “PLO.” The study was based on in-depth analysis of Hamas-related documents and primary sources. The study is concluded with significant results that signify and highlight some important variables and changes in Hamas’ moderated charter; including, but not limited to, the changes of its objectives, and the use of modern language, best found in the movement redefining itself as a liberation movement.
References
Adwan Issam, Hamas's amendments to the prisoners' document and its implications, published on the Palestinian Network for Dialogue, https://www.paldf.net/forum/showthread-.php?t=70680 , 1 July 2006.
Aljamal Yousef M., Hamas: A Terrorist Organization or Liberation Movement?, Politics and Religion Journal, Vol. 8, No. 1. 2014.
Al-Sied Mohammed, Between the charter and the document: Hamas didn’t overcome the principles of the past yet. https://www.ida2at.com/between-the-charter-and-document-hamas-and-past-constants/ 2 May 2017 .
Dukhan Abdul Fattah, archives of The Center of Palestinian Historiography and Documentation, 1 September 2013, Gaza.
Dukhan Abdul Fattah, The Muslim Brotherhood and the Question of Palestine in the 20th Century, Al Noor Center for Research and Studies, June 2004, part two, Gaza, Palestine.
Fatah, the Basic Law, Fifth Conference, 1989.
Hamas, Islamic Resistance Movement, “Hamas’s document, Declaration of Principles and General Policies”, 2017. Hamas’s document
Hamas, Islamic Resistance Movement, Charter of the Islamic Resistance Movement “Hamas”, 1988. Hamas Charter
Hamas's dialectical issues, Ahmed Yassin's response video , on the website of the Palestinian Information Center, https://palinfo.com/198553, Wednesday 22 March 2017 .
Helm Sarah , If we cared about peace we would be talking to Hamas, The Guardian, https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/may/19/hamas-peace-gaza-stalemate, Friday 19 May 2017 .
Islamic trend and the subject of democracy, Statement of the Islamic Resistance Movement Hamas at the Conference of "State of Democracy in Palestine" Palestinian Council for Foreign Relations, 11 July 1998, Gaza.
Jevtic Miroljub,”Political Sciences and Religion“, Politics and Religion Journal, Vol. 1, No. 1, 2007.
Meshaal Khalid, “a journey in the political vision of Hamas” Hamas The Islamic Resistance Movement, Hamas media office, no publication country specified, 2013.
Meshaal Khalid, A press conference of the Islamic Resistance Movement "Hamas" to announce the new political document of the movement, Al-Jazeera Live, https://youtu.be/GvPQ_L1BKeI 1 May, 2017
Meshaal Khalid, The statement of the head of Hamas political bureau at the conference of “The Islamists in the Arab world and the Palestinian Cause in light of changes and Arab revolutions”, Al-Zaytouna Center for Studies and Consultancy, 28-29 November 2012, Beirut.
Statement issued by the Islamic resistance movement "Hamas", titled “statement No. 1, issued by Al-Qassam Brigades to our heroic people [who’re] occupied since 1948”, A document distributed throughout the Gaza Strip, 2 March, 1994.
Statement of the Islamic Resistance Movement Hamas, An appeal to the heroic sons, partisans and supporters of the Islamic Movement, a document distributed throughout the Gaza Strip, date is not specified.
Statement of the Islamic Resistance Movement Hamas, Battle of Jerusalem... is not the first and will not be the last", A document distributed throughout the Gaza Strip, published 11 October, 1994.
Statement of the Islamic Resistance Movement Hamas, entitled, “Jerusalem will remain the eternal capital of Palestine”, 25 October, 1994
Statement of the Islamic Resistance Movement Hamas, entitled, “Jihad and Unity are the Road to Victory”, Saturday 2 November 1992.
Statement of the Islamic Resistance Movement Hamas, Gaza/Jericho agreement between the perpetuation of the occupation and the liquidation of rights, a document distributed throughout the Gaza Strip ,17 August, 1993.
Statement of the Islamic Resistance Movement Hamas, In response to the statements of the Prime Minister of the enemy Yitzhak Rabin , a document distributed throughout the Gaza Strip, 23 February, 1994.
Statement of the Islamic Resistance Movement Hamas, No to the conference of conspiracy and ignorance ... Jihad is the way”, A document distributed throughout the Gaza Strip, Friday 3 January 1992.
Statement of the Islamic Resistance Movement Hamas, Our blood is not water and shame for the surrendered, A document distributed throughout the Gaza Strip, Sunday 3 April 1994.
Statement of the Islamic Resistance Movement Hamas, Our Intifada is the symbol of our pride ... and the process of surrender should stop, A document distributed throughout the Gaza Strip, Tuesday 4 February 1992.
Statement of the Islamic Resistance Movement Hamas, Political assassinations is not a method of understanding, A document distributed throughout the Gaza Strip, Sunday 22 September 1993.
Statement of the Islamic Resistance Movement Hamas, The mountain has gave birth to a mouse, to all those who dream of the Palestinian state, the new Cairo agreement, liquidation of the cause and the dedication of the occupation, A document distributed throughout the Gaza Strip, 3 May 1994.
Statement of the Islamic Resistance Movement Hamas, The right of return is a sacred right, no siege above the siege, A document distributed throughout the Gaza Strip, 2 September 1997.
Statement of the Islamic Resistance Movement Hamas, Yes to jihad and martyrdom... No and a thousand no to land brokers and sellers of the homeland, a document distributed throughout the Gaza Strip, 3 September 1993.
The full text of the National Reconciliation Document signed by the Palestinian factions, published on the website of Donia Al-Watan. Retrieved from: https://www.alwatanvoice.com/arabic/content/print/49134.html , 28 June 2006 .
The text of the "Declaration of Cairo" issued by the Palestinian factions, Wafa Agency, http://info.wafa.ps/atemplate.aspx?id=4894. 17 Match 2005 .
Yassin Ahmed, A memo addressed to President Abu Ammar, Unpublished document , 17 October 1998.
Yassin Ahmed, interview, archives of The Center of Palestinian Historiography and Documentation, 26 August 2002, Gaza.
Yassin Ahmed, TV interview on 26 April 1998, Sharia and life, on Al-Jazeera, Qatar.