RELIGION AS A MARKER FOR ETHNIC GROUPS IN CONFLICT AND OF POLITICAL NATIONAL CONFLICTS

Authors

  • Francisco Letamendia University of the Basque Country (Spain)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54561/prj1101125l

Keywords:

politics, religion, ethnic groups, nation, political conflicts

Abstract

The links between religion and ethnic and/or political dividing lines has manifested itself in many different ways in contemporary conflicts. In this paper I present briefly the following two forms: religion as a cleavage line of groups in ethno-religious confrontations: struggles between Catholics, Orthodox and Muslims in the Balkans; of Catholics and Protestants in Northern Ireland; of Sunni and Shia and Iraq; of Buddhists and Hindus in Sri Lanka; of Muslims and Catholics in Indonesia; and religion as a mechanism for legitimizing power in the form of State Religions: National-Catholicism in Francoism, which is likely to generate the formation of the internal religious enemy.

References

BALANDIER, G., Anthropologie politique, P.U.F, Paris, 1981.

BARDON, J., A history of Ulster, The Black Staff Press. Belfast, 1992.

BASTIAN, S., "Sri-Lanka. Ethnic conflict and the experiment of devolution", in Nation-building and sub-cultures. Journal of behavioral and social sciences, vol. 1994, 3. Kanagawa, Japan.

BIANCO, L., “Asia contemporánea”, Historia Universal siglo XXI, vol. 33, Madrid, 1984.

BRUNO, E., El islamismo radical, Siglo XXI de España Editores, Madrid, 1996.

CAÑEQUE, C., “Fundamentalismo norteamericano”, in MELLON, J.A., Ideologías y movimientos políticos contemporáneos, Tecnos, Madrid, 1998.

CASTELLAN, G., Histoire des Balkans, Fayard, Paris, 1991.

CHATELET, F.; DUHAMEL, O.; PISIER-KOUCHNER, E., Historia del pensamiento político. Tecnos. Madrid, 2008.

COOGAN, T.P., The IRA, Fontana, London, 1987.

CORCUERA, J., Orígenes, Ideología y Organización del Nacionalismo vasco, 1876-1904, Ed. Siglo XXI de España, Madrid, 1979.

DELOYE, Y., "La nation entre identité et alterité", in L' identité politique, PUF, Paris, 1994.

DÍAZ-PLAJA, F., La preguerra española en sus documentos (1923-1936), Plaza & Janés, Barcelona, 1969.

DINER, D., “Israel: el problema del Estado nacional y el conflicto del Oriente próximo”, Historia Universal siglo XXI, volumen 36, Siglo XXI Editores, México, 1987.

DJAIT, H., "Culture et politique dans le monde arabe", in Islam et politique au proche-Orient aujourd'hui, Gallimard, Paris, 1991.

EZKERRA PERUJO, M., "La Iglesia en el País Vasco (1975-1982). Inicio de una labor conjunta", Congreso de Historia de Euskalerria (Congreso Mundial Vasco), 1985, Sec. II, vol. IV.

GARVIN, T., "Nationalism and Separatism in Ireland (1760-1993): a comparative perspective", Congreso internacional: "Os nacionalismos en Europa: pasado e presente". (Edition: Nationalism in Europe: past and present). Santiago de Compostela, 1995.

GUEZENNEC, G., La yugoeslavie autogestionnaire: bilan critique d'une époque prestigieuse, Editions Créer, Paris, 1991.

GUPTA, D., "Ethnicity, religion and national politics in India", in The National Question (BERBEROGLU, B., Ed.), Temple University press, Philadelphia, 1995.

IZTUETA, P., Sociologia del fenómeno contestatario del clero vasco: 1940-1975. Elkar, 1981.

KEPEL, G., La Yihad, Expansión y declive del islamismo, Península, 2001.

LETAMENDIA, F., Juego de espejos. Conflictos nacionales centro-periferia, Ed. Trotta, Madrid, 1997 (English version: Game of mirrors: centre-periphery national conflicts, Ashgate, Aldershot, 2000).

LETAMENDIA, F., El hilo invisible: Identidades políticas e ideologías, Servicio Editorial de la UPV-EHU, Leioa, Bizkaia, 2013.

LETAMENDIA, F., “Religion and nationalism: The basque country as a case study”, in Requejo, F., and Nagel K. N. Politics of Religion and Nationalism: Federalism, Consociacionalism, and Secession, Routledge, Ney York, 2014.

LEWIS, B., "Europe, Islam et societé civile" and "L'identité chiite", in Islam et politique au proche-Orient aujourd'hui, Gallimard, Paris, 1991.

LIPUZKOA, M., La Iglesia como problema en el País Vasco, Editorial Vasca, Buenos Aires, 1973.

LOIS, J., Teología de la liberación Opción por los pobres. IEPALA, Madrid, 1986.

LOPEZ GARCIA, B.; DE LARRAMENDI, M.H., “Islamismo”, in ANTON MELLON, J.A., Ideologías y movimientos políticos contemporáneos, Tecnos, Madrid, 1998.

MORODO, R., Los orígenes ideológicos del franquismo: Acción Española, Editorial Alianza Universal, Madrid, 1985.

O'DOWD, Liam et. al., "Strengthening the Irish Border on the Road to Maastricht", Peripheral regions and european integration, research seminar, Belfast, 1993.

O'DOWD, L., Reestructuración económica y desigualdad étnica en la periferia europea: el caso de Irlanda del Norte, Conferencia, UPV-EHU, Leioa, 1993.

PALAU, J., “El mito anti-serbio: claves, objeciones y comentarios”, Congreso internacional: Os nacionalismos en Europa: pasado e presente, Santiago de Compostela, 1993.

RASHID, A., Los taliban, Península, Barcelona, 2001.

REQUEJO, F.; NAGEL K.N., Politics of Religion and Nationalism: Federalism, Consociacionalism, ans Secession, Routledge, Ney York, 1994.

ROKKAN, S.; URWIN, D.W., Economy, Territory, Identity: Politics of West European Peripheries, London, Sage, 1983.

SAMARY, C., “Nationalismes: la tragédie yugoeslave”, Le Monde Diplomatique 17, Paris, 1993.

SEILER, Daniel-Louis, "Peripheral Nationalism between Pluralism and Monism", International Political Science Review, 1989, vol.10, nº 3.

SHAFER, Boyd, Le Nationalisme. Mythe et réalité, Payot, Paris, 1964.

SOULIER, G., “Les institutions judiciaires et répressives”, in GRAWITZ, M.; LECA, J., Traité de Science Politique. Vol. 2: Les régimes politiques contemporains, PUF, Paris, 1985.

THOMAS, H., La guerra civil española, Ruedo Ibérico, 1967.

Downloads

Published

2022-12-06

How to Cite

Letamendia, F. (2022). RELIGION AS A MARKER FOR ETHNIC GROUPS IN CONFLICT AND OF POLITICAL NATIONAL CONFLICTS. Politics and Religion Journal, 11(1), 124–143. https://doi.org/10.54561/prj1101125l