CLASSICAL AND CONTEMPORARY MUSLIM JURIDICAL VIEWS OF TERRORISM

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54561/prj0801019b

Keywords:

terrorism, jurists, Islam, Muslim, scholars

Abstract

Terrorism, which has become a very hot topic, might become the twenty-first century’s most important issue, depending upon the methods used to combat it. The methods now being used, however, might actually lead to more terrorism. Regardless of how the perpetrator views his/her action, it is guaranteed to capture everyone’s attention and become part of the ongoing political, social, economic and religious discourses. This paper discusses Islam’s views of terrorism in general and those of the classical jurists in particular. I will discuss this issue by relating its concepts, terminologies, thoughts, Qur’ānic verses and prophetic traditions in order to show that Islam rejects terrorism. Furthermore, I argue that Islam, ever since it first appeared, has called for the implementation of security in practice, as opposed to theory, and therefore advocates the protection of essential and legitimate human concerns (i.e., religion, life, the right to live in peace, mind/reason and wealth). This paper presents historical events and cases that refute the claims of western media and some scholarly view that Islam favors and supports terrorism.

References

‘Abd al-Ghanī al-Ghunaymī, al-Libāb Sharḥ al-Kitāb, Dār al-Kitāb al-‘Arabī, Beirut, 2001.

‘Abd al-Karīm Zaydān, Aḥkām al-Dimmiyīn w-al Musta’manīn fī Dār al-Islam, Mu’asassat al-Rīsālah, Beirut, 1982.

‘Abd al-Qādir ‘Oudeh, al-Tashrī‘al-Jin’ī al-Islāmī muqāranan bil- Qānūn al-Waḍ‘ī, Dār al-Kitāb al-‘Arabī, Beirut, 2008.

Abū. al-Rīsh, Muḥammad Ismā‘īl, Jarīmat Qaṭ‘ al-Ṭarīq wa Atharuhā fī tashdīd al-‘Auqūbah, Maṭba‘at al-Amānah, Cairo, 1990.

Abū Yūsuf, Kharāj, Abū Zahrah, MuḤammad, al-Jarīmah wa-l ‘Aqūbah fī al-Fiqh al-Islāmī, Dār al-Fikr al-‘Arabī, Cairo, 1974.

al-Bahūtī, Manṣūr ibn Idrīs, Sharḥ Muntahā al-Irādāt, Ri’āsat Irada.t al-Buḥūth al-‘Ilmiyyah w-al iftā’ wal –Da‘wah wal-Itshād, Riyad, 1999.

al-Balīhī, Ṣāliḥ ibn Ibrāhīm, al-Salsabīl fī Ma‘rifat al-Dalīl, Riyad: Maṭābi‘ Dār al-Hilāl, Riyad , 1980.

al-Duwyān, Ibrāhī ibn Muḥammad, Manār al-Sabīl fi. Sharḥ al-Dalīl, edited Zuhr al-Shāwīsh, al-Maktab al-Islāmī, Beirut, 1982.

al-Dasūqī, Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad, Ḥāshiyat al-Dasūqī ‘alā Sharḥ al-Kabīr, Beitut, 1980.

al-Fayrūz Abādī, Majd al-Dīn Muḥammd Ya‘qūb, al-Qāmus al-Muḥīṭ, Mu'asassat al-Risālah, Beirut, 2003.

al-Garāfī, Shihāb al-Dīn Aḥmad ibn Idrīs, al-Dakhīrah, edited Muḥammad Ḥajjī, Dār al-Gharb al-Islāmī, Beirut, 1994.

al-Ḥaṭṭāb, Muḥammad ibn Muḥammd ‘Abd al-Raḥmān, Mawāhib al-Jalīl li-Sharḥ Mulktaṣar Khalīl, Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, Beirut, 1995.

al-Haythamī, Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Ḥajr, al-Zawajir ‘an Irtikāb al-Kabā’ir, Dār al-Ma‘rifah, Beirut, 1987.

al-Jaṣṣāṣ, Aḥmad ibn al-Ḥusayn ibn ‘Alī, Aḥkām al-Qur’ān, Dār al-Kitāb al-‘Arabī, Beirut, 1999.

al-Kāsānī, ‘Alā’ al-Dīn Abū Bakr ibn Mas‘ūd. Badā’i‘al-Ṣanā’i‘ fī Tartīb al-Sharā’i‘, , Dār al-Kitāb al-‘Arabaī, Beirut, 1990.

al-Māwardī, ‘Alī ibn Muḥammad, al-Aḥkām al-Sulṭāniyyah, Dār al-Kitāb al-‘Arabī, Beirut, 1999.

al-Ramble, Shams al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Abe ‘Abbās ibn Shulāb, Nihaūyet al-Muḥtāj ‘iliā Sharḥ al-Minhāj ‘alā Madhya al-Imām al-Shāfi‘ī, Dār al-Fikr, Beirut, 1984.

al-Sarakhsī, Shams al-Dīn, al-Mabsūṭ , Dār al-Ma‘ārif, Beirut, 1978.

al-Shāḍilī, Ḥassan ibn ‘Alī, Athar Ṭaṭbīq al-Ḥudūd fī al-Mujtama‘ Mu’atamar al-Fiqh al-Islamī, King Muhammad ibn Su‘ūd University, Riyad, 1977.

Bahwatī, Manṣūr ibn Yūnis, al-Rawḍ al-Muraba‘ Sharḥ Zād al-Mustanqa‘, Riyadh: Maktabat al-Riyadh al-Ḥadīthah, Riyad, 1970.

Bukhārī, Muḥammad ibn Ismā‘īl, Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, al-Maktabah al-Thaqāfiyyah, Beirut, 1990.

Fayrūz Abādī, al-Qānūs al-Muḥīṭ, Fayūmī, Aḥmad Muḥammad ibn ‘Alī, al-Muṣbāh al-Munīr, Dār al-Mu ‘ārif, Cairo, 1999.

Ibn ‘Abd al-Barr, Abū ‘Umr, al-Kāfī fī Fiqh Ahl al-Madīnah, Maṭba ‘at Ḥassān, Cairo, 1980.

Ibn ‘Abdīn, Muḥammad Amīn ibn ‘Umr. Ḥāshiyat Radd al-Muḥtār ‘alā al-Dur al-Mukhtār, Dār al-Fikr, Cairo, 1979.

Ibn al-‘Arabī, Muḥammad ibn ‘Abdullah, Aḥkām al-Qur’ān, Maṭba‘at ‘Issā al-Ḥalibī, Cairo, 2000.

Ibn al-Hamām, Kamāl al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn ‘Abd al-Wahāb, Sharḥ Fatḥ al-Qadīr, Dār al-Fikr, Beirut, 1977.

Ibn Farḥūn, Ibrāhīm, Tabṣirat al-Ḥukām fī Uṣūl al-Aqḍiyah wa-Minhāj al-Aḥkām, Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, Beirut, 1986.

Ibn Hamām, Sharh Fatḥ al-Qadīr, Dār al-Fikr, Beirut, 1977.

Ibn Ḥazm, ‘Alī ibn Aḥmad, al-Muḥlā, , Dār al-Fikr, Beirut, 1980.

Ibn Kathīr Abū al-Fidā Ismā‘īl, Tafsīr al-Qur’ān al-Aẓīm, Beirut: al-Maktabah al-‘Aṣriyyah, 1996.

Ibn Manẓūr, Lisān al-‘Arab, Dār Ihyā’al-Turāth al-‘Arabī, Beirut, 1997.

Ibn Nujaym, al-Baḥr al-Rā’iq, al-Maṭbaʻah al-ʻIlmīyah, Beirut, 1994.

Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya, Aḥkām Ahl a-Dhimma, Dār al-‘Ilm lil-Malāyīn, Beirut, 1983.

Ibn Qudāmah, ‘Abduallh, al-Mughnī, Maktabt al-Riyad al-Ḥadītha, Rihyad, 1981.

Ibn Rushd, Muhammad ibn Ahmad, Bidāyat al-Mujtahid wa-Nihāyat al-Muqtaṣid, Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, Beirut, 1988.

Ibn Taymiyyah, al-Fatāwī, Dār Ihyā’al-Turāth al-‘Arabī, Beirut, 1989.

Ibn Taymiyyah, al-Siyāsah al-Shar‘iyyah fī Iṣlāh al-Ra‘iyyah, Dār al-Kitāb al-‘Arabī, Beirut, 1999.

Labeeb Bsoul, International Treaties (Mu‘āhadāt) in Islam: Theory and Practice in the Light of Islamic International law (Siyar) according to the Orthodox Schools Lanham, MD: University Press of America, USA, 2008.

Mālik ibn Anas, al-Muwaṭa’ al-Maktabah al-‘Aṣriyyah, Beirut, 2000.

Māwardī, ‘Alī ibn Muḥammad, al-Aḥkām al-Sulṭāniyyah fī al-Wilāyāt al-Dīniyyah, Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, Beirut, 1982.

Muṣṭafā ‘Amir Ḥusayn, al-Ḥarābah: Dirāsah Fiqhiyyah Mu‘āṣirah, Dār al-Itiḥād al-‘Arabiā, Cairo, 1986.

Nawāf Hāyel al-Takrūrī, al-‘Amaliya.t al-Istishhādiyyah fī al-Mizān al-Fiqhī, Dār al-Fikr, Beirut, 1997.

Qurṭubī, Aḥkām al-Qur’ān, Dār al-Kātib al-ʻArabī, Beirut, 1967.

Qutub Sayyid, Fī Zilāl al-Qur’ān, Dār al-Shurūq, Cairo, 1981.

Ramlī, Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad, Nihayat al-Muḥtāj fī Sharḥ al-Minhāj fi Fiqh al-Imām al-Shāfi‘ī, al-Maktabah al-Islāmiyyah, Beirut, 1988.

Said Edward W., Covering Islam: How the media and the experts determine how we see the rest of the world, Vintage Books, New York, 1997.

Samarqandī, ‘Alā’ al-Dīn, Fiqh al-Fuqahā’, Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, Beirut, 1984.

Sarakhsī, al-Mabsūṭ, Maṭbaʻat al-Saʻadah, Cairo, 2000.

Shāfi‘ī, Muhammad ibn Idrīs, al-Umm, Dār al-Ma ‘rifah, Beirut, 1973.

Shaheen Jack G., Reel Bad Arabs: How Hollywood Vilifies a People, Olive Branch Press, New York, 2001.

Shaheen Jack G., Hollywood's Muslim Arabs, The Muslim World, Spring, USA, 2000.

Shawkānī, Fatḥ al-Qadīr, Muṣṭafá al-Bābī al-Ḥalabī, Cairo,1965.

Shawkānī, Muḥammad ibn ‘Alī, Nayl al-Awṭār, Dār al-Jalīl, Beirut, 1973.

Sultana Aneela, Digging Islamic Roots of Jihad to Unveil the Truth, Politics and religion journal, vol. II, No 1/2008, Belgrade, 2008.

Sultana Aneela, Taliban or Terrorist? Some Reflections on Taliban’s Ideology, Politics and religion journal, vol. III , N 1 , Belgrade, 2009.

Ṭabarī, Abu Ja‘far ibn Jarīr, Jāmi‘ al-Bayān ‘an Ta’wīl Ayy al-Qur’ān, Dār Hijr, Cairo, 2001.

Vlas Natalia, Is Religion Inherently Violent? Religion as a Threat and Promise for the Global Security, Politics and Religion Journal, Vol. IV, N 2, Belgrade, 2010.

Zayla'ī, Tabyīn al-Ḥaqā’iq, , Dār al-Kātib al-ʻArabī, Beirut, 2000.

Downloads

Published

2022-12-12

How to Cite

Bsoul, L. A. (2022). CLASSICAL AND CONTEMPORARY MUSLIM JURIDICAL VIEWS OF TERRORISM. Politics and Religion Journal, 8(1), 19–38. https://doi.org/10.54561/prj0801019b