Contemporary Islamic Radicalism in Central Asia: Genesis and History of Development
##plugins.pubIds.doi.readerDisplayName##:
https://doi.org/10.54561/prj1802243sКључне речи:
radicalism, Islamism, Salafism, development, history, Central AsiaСажетак
Овај чланак истражује обрасце развоја исламског радикализма у Централној Азији, његове изворе, историју и будућност. Током 20. века, ислам у Централној Азији био је пре свега формиран од стране унутрашњих регионалних фактора који су долазили у сусрет са локалним традицијама и тако стварали посебан етничко-културни идентитет. Перестројска је битно допринела обнови политичког ислама и то са стварање неколико партија и покрета у региону. Међутим, током времена су локалне организације које промовишу агенду радикалног ислама постале маргинализоване од стране државе. Ово није утицало на потпуни пораз идеја радикалног ислама у Централној Азији, јер су страни фактори постали посебно заинтересовани за овај регион након стварања независних муслиманских република након 1991. године. Ми предлажемо да треба направити разлику између страних организација које су пре свега фокусиране на исламску обнову у региону и ненасилну политизацију, од оних које имају регионалне амбиције и које користе религију за рекрутну базу. Обе врсте организација су под притиског влада у региону, а џихадисти су такође под ударом битних војних пораза. Закључујемо да радикални ислам и даље постоји у Централној Азији зато што овај регион доживљава верску ренесансу која је појачана социјализацијом.
Референце
Aalyev, Arstan. 2006. “Members of the banned Hizb-ut-Tahrir party in Jalal-Abad province of Kyrgyzstan exceed 15,000 people.” 24.kg, September 7, 2006. https://24.kg/archive/ru/investigation/6264-2006/09/07/6595.html/
Abdullov, B. 2020. “The interrelation of Islam and Politics in Central Asian countries during the Soviet Period.” Janalyq, September 9, 2020. https://janalyq.kz/ru/news/2403
Akhmadullin, Vyacheslav. 2013. “The Soviet Muslim hajj in 1953-1955.” Army and Society 35, no. 3: 88-92.
Akiner, Shirin. 2003. “The Politicisation of Islam in Postsoviet Central Asia.” Religion, State and Society 31, no. 2: 97–122. https://doi.org/10.1080/09637490308282
Andreev, Artyom. 2017. “The Rise and Fall of the Islamic Renaissance Party of Tajikistan.” Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Political Science. International relations 10, no. 2: 98-113. https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu06.2017.201
Babadjanov, Bakhtiyar, and Martha B. Olcott. 2004. “Hizb ut-Tahrir in Uzbekistan: ‘Non-Violent Methods of Struggle’ or Instigation to Terror?” Center for Studying Regional Threats, May 17, 2004. https://crss.uz/2004/05/17/xizb-ut-taxrir-v-uzbekistane-nenasilstvennyj-metod-borby-ili-podstrekatelstvo-terrora/
Babadjanov, Bakhtiyar, Ashirbek Muminov, and Martha B. Olcott. 2004. “Muhammadjan Hindustani (1892-1989) and the religious environment of his era (Preliminary reflections on the development of “Soviet Islam” in Central Asia).” Vostok (Oriens) 5: 43-59.
Babadjanov, Bakhtiyar. 2010. “Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan: Jihad as an ideology of ‘Outcasts’.” Russia and the Moslem World 3: 105-25.
Babadjanov, Bakhtiyar. 2013. “Post-Soviet Wahhabism has found its niche in the geopolitical confrontation.” Regnum, February 17, 2013. https://regnum.ru/article/1626149
Balci, Bayram. 2015. “Reviving Central Asia’s religious ties with the Indian subcontinent? The Jamaat al Tabligh.” Russia and the Moslem World 277, no. 7: 45-65.
Botobekov, Uran. 2016. “ISIS and Central Asia: A Shifting Recruiting Strategy.” The Diplomat, May 17, 2016. https://thediplomat.com/2016/05/isis-and-central-asia-a-shifting-recruiting-strategy/
Bustanov, Alfrid, and Daria Dorodnykh. 2017. “Jadidism as a Paradigm for Studying Islam in the Russian Empire.” State, Religion and Church in Russia and Worldwide 35, no. 3: 112-133. https://doi.org/10.22394/2073-7203-2017-35-3-112-133
Falkov, Mikhail. 2000. “IMU leaders: Juma Namangani (Khodjiev) and Muhammad Tahir Faruk (Yuldashev).” Nezavisimaya Gazeta, August 24, 2000. https://www.ng.ru/net/2000-08-24/0_idu_lider.html
Garabey, Mohammad, and Nikita Jolkver. “How do Wahhabis differ from Salafis?” Deutsche Welle, January 14, 2014. https://www.dw.com/ru/cem-vahhabity-otlicautsa-ot-salafitov/a-17358252
Gunaratna, Rohan. 2005. “Al Qaeda’s Ideology.” Hudson Institute, May 19, 2005. https://www.hudson.org/national-security-defense/al-qaeda-s-ideologyIa-centr.ru
“Why does Bishkek support Tablighi Jamaat*?” Ia-centr.ru, May 16, 2023. https://ia-centr.ru/experts/iats-mgu/pochemu-bishkek-podderzhivaet-dvizhenie-tabligi-dzhamaat-/
International Crisis Group. 2003. Radical Islam in Central Asia: Responding to the Emergence of Hizb-ut Tahrir (Report No. 58). ICG Asia Report No. 58, June 30, 2003. https://www.refworld.org/ru/reference/regionalreport/icg/2003/ru/137413
Khairgeldin, Dauren. 2023. “A campaign to eradicate Salafism and Wahhabism launched in Kazakhstan — is it true?” Current Time, October 6, 2023. https://www.currenttime.tv/a/pravda-li-chto-v-kazahstane-nachalas-kampaniya-po-iskoreneniyu-salafizma-i-vahhabizma-/32624188.html
Khalid, Adeeb. 2010. Islam after Communism: Religion and Politics in Central Asia. Translated by Bogdanova A.B. Moscow: New Literary Observer.
Khlebnikov, Alexey. 2017. “Kyrgyzstan’s weak links.” Islam Today, September 14, 2017. https://islam-today.ru/islam_v_mire/centralnaa-i-srednaa-azia/slabye-zvena-kyrgyzstana/
Knyazev, Alexander. 2002. History of the Afghan War in 1990’s and the Transformation of Afghanistan into a Source of Instability in Central Asia. Bishkek: KRSU Publishing. Second edition, re-cast and supplementary.
Kommersant. 2023. “The FSB reports the detention of four Katiba Tawhid wal-Jihad recruiters.” Kommersant, February 7, 2023. https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/5811512
Kun.uz. 2023. “Uzbek citizen who joined a terrorist group killed in Syria.” Kun.uz, September 7, 2023. https://kun.uz/ru/news/2023/09/07/v-sirii-ubit-grajdanin-uzbekistana-primknuvshiy-k-terroristicheskoy-gruppirovke
Makanbai kyzy, Gulmira. 2023.”SCNS urges Kyrgyz people to uphold traditional Islam.” 24.kg, August 29, 2023. https://24.kg/vlast/273669/
Makhmudov, Rustam, Alisher Rakhimov, and Akram Umarov. 2023. “The current state of participation of Central Asian nationals in the activities of terrorist organizations in Afghanistan.” Institute for Advanced International Studies. https://iais.uz/storage/files/1/Policy%20report%203_CA%20citizens%20-%20North%20Afghanistan_FINAL%20COVER%20ADDED.pdf
Mamytov, Tokon. 2016. “Terrorist and extremist activities in Central Asia.” Science, Technology and Education 26, no. 8: 107-111.
Margulis, Sergey, and Sergey Demidenko. 2019. “On the radicalisation of Islam in Central Asia based on the example of the IMU and IRP.” Vestnik of Moscow University. Series 12. Political Sciences 6: 44-63.
Mikhailov, Viktor. 2022. “Portrait of a future terrorist. How young Uzbeks get recruited by extremists.” Interview by Podrobno.uz, January 21, 2022. https://podrobno.uz/cat/obchestvo/portret-budushchego-terrorista-kak-molodye-uzbekistantsy-popadayut-na-kryuchok-k-verbovshchikam-ekst/
Mirsayitov, Ikbaldjon. 2006. “The Islamic movement of Uzbekistan: development stages and its present state.” Central Asia and the Caucasus №6 48: 130-134.
Mukhametshin, Farit, et al. 2013. Russia—Central Asia: Politics and Islam in the late XVIII—early XXI century. Moscow: Moscow University Press.
Nuri, Sayid Abdulloh. 2004. “Said Abdullo Nuri (leader of the Islamic Party of Tajikistan) — according to the Shariah, Hizb-ut-Tahrir has no right to act.” Interview by A. Bokirov. Kabar News Agency, September 10, 2004. https://centrasia.org/newsA.php?st=1094791020
Olimova, Saodat, and Muzaffar Olimov. 2001. “Islamic Revival Party in the inter-Tajik conflict and its settlement.” Central Asia and the Caucasus 17, no. 1: 131-41.
Ongar, Yershat. 2023. “Salafism — a great threat to the unity of the Muslim Ummah.” Official website of the Spiritual Administration of Muslims of Kazakhstan, September 8, 2023. https://www.muftyat.kz/ru/dini-senim/sermons/2023-09-08/42790-salafizm-bolshaia-ugroza-edinstvu-musulmanskoi-ummy/
Polakov, Konstantin. 2014. Islamic Extremism in Central Asia. Moscow: Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
Poujol, Catherine. 2016. “Islam in Central Asia: increased visibility after a long lockdown.” International Issues 82: 63-72. [Translated by Snezhana Atanova.]
Rakhimov, Komron, and Diana Supotaeva. 2023. “Activities of the religious movement “Tablighi Jamaat” in Kyrgyzstan.” Post-Soviet Studies 4: 437-44.
Ryskulova, Nargiza. 2019. “A war that did not happen. Life of Kyrgyz people who returned from Syria.” BBC News, February 19, 2019. https://www.bbc.com/russian/features-47281602
Sadiq. 2024. “Is the Hizb ut-Tahrir Part of an Intelligence Game?” Hasht-E Subh, February 14, 2024. https://8am.media/eng/is-the-hizb-ut-tahrir-part-of-an-intelligence-game/
Salimpur, Mirzoi. 2013. “40 years of the IRPT: from an underground group to a party holding a seat in parliament.” Radio Liberty, April 25, 2013. https://www.ozodi.org/a/tajik-islamic-party-turns-40-from-underground-to-parliament/24968279.html
Shabley, Pavel. n.d. “Riding the Tiger: Hasan Ponomarev and the Edge of the Empire.” Austrian Academy of Sciences. https://www.oeaw.ac.at/sice/sice-blog/riding-the-tiger-hasan-ponomarev-and-the-edge-of-the-empire
Sharb, Clayton. 2018. “Islamic State Khorasan (IS-K).” Center for Strategic and International Studies. https://www.csis.org/programs/former-programs/transnational-threats-project-archive/terrorism-backgrounders/islamic
Smykov, Ruslan, Zhandos Aigozhin, and Mirbek Turmaganbetov. 2014. “300 citizens of Kazakhstan fighting in Syria and Iraq.” Zakon.kz, November 6, 2014. https://www.zakon.kz/redaktsiia-zakonkz/4665761-300-grazhdan-kazakhstana-vojujut-v.html
Sotnichenko, Alexander. 2015. Collection of research and analytical materials on interethnic relations for the population and municipal officials: ISIS: a threat to Russia and ways to combat it. Saint Petersburg, 2015. https://loiro.ru/files/pages/page_217_ugrozadlyaossii-otnichenko.pdf
Tengri News. 2016. “15 thousand Kazakhstani citizens are convinced supporters of Salafism ideas — Committee on religious affairs.”
Tengri News, June 10. https://tengrinews.kz/kazakhstan_news/15-tyisyach-kazahstantsev-yavlyayutsya-ubejdennyimi-296282/
##submission.downloads##
Објављено
Како цитирати
Bрој часописа
Секција
Лиценца
Сва права задржана (c) 2024 Политикологија религије
Овај рад је под Creative Commons Aуторство-Nекомерцијално-Дели под истим условима 4.0 Интернационална лиценца.
